Review on the effect of heat exchanger tubes on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer of the bubble/slurry reactors

Bubble/Slurry bubble column reactors(BCR/SBCR) are intensively used as multiphase reactors for a wide range of application in the chemical, biochemical and petrochemical industries. Most of these applications involve complicate gas–liquid/gas–liquid–solid flow behavior and exothermic process, thus it is necessary to equip the BCR/SBCR with heat exchanger tubes to remove the heat and govern the performance of the reactor. Amounts of experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to describe the phenomena taking place in BCR/SBCRs with heat exchanger tubes. Unfortunately, little effort has been put on reviewing the experiments and simulations for examining the effect of internals on the performance and hydrodynamics of BCR/SBCR. The objective of this work is to give a state-of-the-art review of the literature on the effects of heat exchanger tubes with different types and configurations on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer, then provide adequate information and scientific basis for the design and the development of heat exchanger tubes in BCR/SBCR, ultimately provide reasonable suggestions for better comprehend the performance of different heat exchanger tubes on hydrodynamics.     

A panoramic view of Li7P3S11 solid electrolytes synthesis,structural aspects and practical challenges for all-solid-state lithium batteries

The development of an inorganic electrochemical stable solid-state electrolyte is essentially responsible for future state-of-the-art all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Because of their advantages in safety, working temperature, high energy density, and packaging, ASSLBs can develop an ideal energy storage system for modern electric vehicles (EVs). A solid electrolyte (SE) model must have an economical synthesis approach, exhibit electrochemical and chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance. Owing to its highest conductivity of 17 mS·cm^-1, and deformability, the sulfide-based Li₇P₃S₁₁ solid electrolyte is a promising contender for the high-performance bulk type of ASSLBs. Herein, we present a current glimpse of the progress of synthetic procedures, structural aspects, and ionic conductivity improvement strategies. Structural elucidation and mechanistic approaches have been extensively discussed by using various characterization techniques. The chemical stability of Li₇P₃S₁₁ could be enhanced via oxide doping, and hard and soft acid/base (HSAB) concepts are also discussed. The issues to be undertaken for designing the ideal solid electrolytes, interfacial challenges, and high energy density have been discoursed. This review aims to provide a bird's eye view of the recent development of Li₇P₃S₁₁-based solid-state electrolyte applications and explore the strategies for designing new solid electrolytes with a target-oriented approach to enhance the efficiency of high energy density all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

MRD减振控制系统的后备混合储能电源设计与仿真

针对磁流变阻尼器MRD(magnetorheological damper)减振控制系统后备电源采用单一蓄电池供电存在响应时间慢和稳定性差问题,提出锂电池/超级电容的后备混合储能电源。首先进行储能系统供电方式的选择及容量配置,然后设计了锂电池和超级电容分别串联双向DC/DC变换器进行功率分配的混合储能结构,再将负载端电流滤波后的高频分量和低频分量用来实现变换器电压电流闭环控制,最后在Matlab/Simulink中搭建混合储能仿真模型,进行输出响应和脉冲功率扰动仿真,对单一锂电池储能和混合储能电源进行性能比较。结果表明,混合储能电源的输出响应时间可达毫秒级;超级电容能提供80%起始功率,并且在脉冲功率扰动下补偿波动功率,以维持母线端稳定,满足MRD减振控制系统的实际工程需求。     

基于纹波转移MMC子模块电容电压脉动抑制研究

模块化多电平变换器(MMC)是一种具有广阔应用前景的多电平拓扑。论文首先推导了MMC桥臂功率的数学模型,然后提出了一种适用于MMC子模块的有源功率解耦方案,并设计了适当的控制策略来抑制子模块的纹波功率。最后设计了一台额定功率为400W的实验样机,通过实验验证了该方案的可行性。     

DC-DC变换器滑模变结构控制研究

为提高DC-DC变换器的抗扰性能,研究了Boost变换器的滑模控制策略。本文首先利用状态空间平均法对Boost变换器进行数学建模,然后建立PID型滑模控制器,进而推导出系统等效控制表达式。为了得到更好的抗扰效果,用光滑函数代替符号函数,得到了去抖振控制表达式。最后利用Matlab/Simulink对两种控制方式进行仿真。仿真结果表明,采用本文控制方法的系统与采用PID型滑模控制相比,动态响应调节特性和稳态误差调节特性更好、鲁棒性更强。     

大容量可控关断的直流输电用电流源型换流器研究综述

可控关断的电流源型换流器（current source converter,CSC）相较于LCC和VSC具有较好的技术优势,逆阻型大功率可关断半导体器件的快速发展为CSC在高压直流输电领域的应用提供了发展契机。针对现有CSC的拓扑、调制方法的优缺点进行调研和对比,分析总结出适用于高压直流输电的LCC-CSC拓扑和特定谐波消除调制方法。将基于LCC-CSC的混合直流输电系统与LCC和VSC进行多方位的对比分析,对LCC-CSC的技术优点、存在的问题及未来研究的方向进行了总结,为CSC在高压直流输电的工程应用提供前期研究基础。     

柔性直流换流阀监视系统关键技术及工程化应用

随着对柔性直流输电工程换流阀及阀控设备可靠性要求的提升,为了更加全面、直观、及时地监视换流阀及阀控设备运行状态,提高换流阀运行安全性,柔性直流换流阀监视系统的作用愈加重要。结合实际工程项目需求,兼顾现场分系统调试、换流阀检修、正常运行维护等不同使用场景,研发了双网双冗余架构的柔性直流换流阀监视系统。采用页面自动布局和参数自动匹配技术并且加以优化,采用“内存＋文件”相结合的数据缓存机制有效解决海量数据量的处理。该系统具备海量数据高速处理、遥信遥测报文显示存储、高频采样故障录波及波形处理功能,能够以微秒级精度实时记录事件,同时具备远程控制、换流阀及阀控设备状态和关键参数的修改功能。该系统已成功应用于张北可再生能源柔性直流电网试验示范工程,其性能完全满足该工程柔性直流换流阀和阀控设备状态在线监视以及系统调试等需求。     

Ru/CN催化对苯二甲酸二甲酯加氢制备1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯

通过超声辅助NaBH4还原法制备了3%Ru/CN催化剂（Ru的质量分数）,该催化剂用于对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT）加氢制备1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯（DMCD）。采用Raman、SEM、TEM、N2吸脱附、XRD、XPS等对载体和催化剂的组成、表面性质进行表征,结果表明,氮元素成功掺入碳骨架中且氮掺杂碳材料为介孔结构。研究了催化剂的用量、反应温度、H2 压力、反应时间等对催化剂加氢性能的影响。结果表明,当反应物用量为1.00 g,催化剂（含载体）用量为0.05 g,反应温度140 ℃,反应压力5.0 MPa,反应时间1 h时,DMT转化率为100%,DMCD选择性为99.3%。3%Ru/CN-1000催化剂循环使用5次后,催化剂催化性能未见明显下降,DMT转化率为98.8%,DMCD选择性为99.7%。     

基于USB总线的低成本舵偏角采集系统设计与应用

舵机测试过程中,需要采集舵机实际舵偏角用于产品标定和性能评估,传统的舵偏角采集系统是通过基于PCI接口的专用工控机和采集卡来实现的,成本高且对计算机有特殊要求。针对舵机测试中对低成本、通用化舵偏角采集系统的需要,开发基于STM32F103的下位机代替传统的PCI板卡实现数据采集,并通过USB总线与上位机进行通信。基于LabWindows/CVI的上位机软件用于数据通信和界面交互。该采集系统具有成本低、可靠性高、使用方便等优点,已成功用于舵机测试中,并达到了良好的效果。     

Evidence for a Negative Correlation between Human Reactive Enamine-Imine Intermediate Deaminase A (RIDA) Activity and Cell Proliferation Rate: Role of Lysine Succinylation of RIDA

Reactive intermediate deaminase (Rid) proteins are enzymes conserved in all domains of life. UK114, a mammalian member of RidA subfamily, has been firstly identified as a component of liver perchloric acid-soluble proteins (L-PSP). Although still poorly defined, several functions have been attributed to the mammalian protein UK114/RIDA, including the reactive intermediate deamination activity. The expression of UK114/RIDA has been observed in some tumors, arousing interest in this protein as an evaluable tumor marker. However, other studies reported a negative correlation between UK114/RIDA expression, tumor differentiation degree and cell proliferation. This work addressed the question of UK114/RIDA expression in human non-tumor HEK293 cell lines and in some human tumor cell lines. Here we reported that human RIDA (hRIDA) was expressed in all the analyzed cell line and subjected to lysine (K-)succinylation. In HEK293, hRIDA K-succinylation was negatively correlated to the cell proliferation rate and was under the control of SIRT5. Moreover, K-succinylation clearly altered hRIDA quantification by immunoblotting, explaining, at least in part, some discrepancies about RIDA expression reported in previous studies. We found that hRIDA was able to deaminate reactive enamine-imine intermediates and that K-succinylation drastically reduced deaminase activity. As predicted by in silico analysis, the observed reduction of deaminase activity has been related to the drastic alterations of hRIDA structure inferred by K-succinylation. The role of hRIDA and the importance of its K-succinylation in cell metabolism, especially in cancer biology, have been discussed.